Expect a Down Market Today; Financials & Housing

July 22nd, 2008 by John Brasher

Stock futures are pointing strongly down before the open. The S&P 500, Nasdaq 100 and Dow Jones Industrials all fell this morning, which usually augurs a stock market selloff - just as stock futures strongly up usually mean an up day. This does not mean that the market’s apparent bounce off the bottom of its channel (discussed in my most recent newsletter issue) is invalidated, because an index - like a stock - often needs multiple tests of a support level before it can take off.

Thus if the market does sell off back to the 11,000 level, it is not cause for panic. To the contrary, for the market to find support there again would presage a nice rise back toward the upper channel line.

FINANCIALS:
These are poison for any long stock position until further notice. This goes for all financials - brokers, banks, mortgage-related and insurance. If you assume the other shoe has dropped for Citi and Bank of America, you are gambling. Save it for Vegas. It is not just the subprime, either. Even with my SuperPut strategy (buy a long-term put to protect a covered call position), why buy a stock that poses considerable danger?

HOUSING:
Don’t go there, no matter how tempted by the “bargains” available. The recent “surge” in housing starts was phony, a result of NYC changing its definition of what is considered a housing start. Eliminate that, and housing starts fell.

Expiration and the Assignment Trap

July 18th, 2008 by John Brasher

Today is expiration Friday for the June 2008 equity options (tomorrow, Saturday, is actual expiration day). If you are short ITM options at or close to expiration and do not want to lose the stock, meaning have it called away, here are two techniques that allow you to keep the stock:

1) Buy back the short ITM calls, which will be down to parity (trading at intrinsic value) or close to it. If the stock has advanced, this is an expensive prescription, because the call’s intrinsic value will rise with the stock price. But this is a poor practice, because it adds to the cost basis in the stock. In other words, the stock price will be below the position’s cost basis. The only justification for closing ITM calls is an expectation that the stock will rise in the short term, recouping the cost of buying back the calls. If the stock pulls back, the stock will be below cost basis. Thus closing ITM calls should be reserved for those instances in which you have a short-term bullish outlook on the stock.

As a side note, the market may well have bottomed temporarily, as noted in my most recent issue of the Money Newsletter. If so, good stocks will be rising in the short term. Weigh this alternative with the one below.

2) Roll the calls out to the next month, meaning to buy back the short ITM calls and sell calls of the same strike price for the next expiration month. Because premium will be higher for the next month, rolling up should generate a credit, not a debit. The roll out allows you to neatly skip over assignment this month and defer it. If the assignment is presented again at next month’s expiration, you can roll out again.

You may be able to roll up and out to the next month for a modest debit (I personally don’t add debits unless they are nominal) - or roll up and out two months. In a strong bull market, this may make more sense, because stocks can rise for a long time without a meaningful retracement.

A frequent question I get about rolling out is: isn’t it just deferring the inevitable? Not really. Remember that YOU choose whether you are assigned or not. If we posited that the underlying stock will keep rising forever, then rolling out would indeed only postpone the day of reckoning. But that does not happen. Sooner or later the stock will retrace and give a breathing space to close the short calls. In a volatile or bear market (like the one we have now) a pullback is pretty much assured.

If you roll out, you can always close the new calls - that option always is on the table.

“Russell Volatility” Ahead?

June 1st, 2008 by John Brasher

Russell Investments (www.russell.com), a subsidiary of Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co., provides some influential equity indices - the best known being the Russell 2000 Index - and Russell claims that over $4.4 trillion in investment assets is tied to them. There appear to be 120 index funds linked to Russell, of which 20 are Russell 2000 index funds.

On June 27 Russell will reconstitute its indices for 2008, meaning that some stocks currently included will be ditched, and new ones added. Analysts expect over 300 new companies will be added to the small-cap index, including 40 or more companies dropping down from the 1000 to the 2000. The Russell 2000 is mostly populated by small- and mid-caps.

The managers of all those Russell-linked funds will have to adjust their holdings to follow the revamped indices. An AP article reports that hedge funds and others will try to take advantage of the changes, and that analysts are already war-gaming who’s in and who’s out.

Companies added or deleted, or downgraded, will experience some volatility as funds rebalance to adjust holdings. The volatility could be severe for deleted small-cap companies with significant institutional holdings when the big holders rotate out of them. And some companies will benefit.

Financials currently make up 20% of the Russell 2000, and some of them will be ditched, another reason to be very careful of them for July expiration. For reasons explained in my new book and in newsletter articles, I don’t write covered calls on, and don’t espouse the writing of, mid-caps very often and small-caps, never.

But if you do write or trade these, be aware that you could be bushwhacked on such stocks, even before June 27 - if the market decides a company is “marked.”

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Your Stock, or the Broker’s?

March 17th, 2008 by John Brasher

I rarely publish a blog article that merely points readers to another blog or online article, but this one by Herb Greenberg in his MarketBlog for MarketWatch.com is worthy, with Bear Stearns at the crisis point of failure, and others perhaps not far behind.

When you deposit stock in a brokerage account, or buy shares in your account, the shares do not go into your name but into the broker’s “street” name. Many times they are depositied directly into Depository Trust Company, in which case they are held in DTC’s street name, which is Cede and Co. Although the stock is beneficially owned by you, title to the stock really is in the broker for your account.

In other words, ownership of your stock becomes legally split, as in the trust situation. In simple cases, the true owner of a thing is shown (e.g., vehicle) as the owner on the instrument of title (e.g., vehicle title). But in the trust situation, the trustee holds legal title for the benefit of the beneficiaries, who actually own the thing in trust. Stock held in street name by the broker is analogous to the trust situation. Your stock is held in a pool of stock by the broker in the broker’s name, not yours.

If the broker goes toes up, you merely become a creditor of the brokerage, with its assets distributed first to creditors, then ratably to customers. There is no good fix for this, since brokers simply cannot hold securities in your account in your name. The only other alternative is to have the securities held in a trust bank, as explained by Herb and his colleague in this article:

It is worth reading. Make sure your broker is solvent with not much subprime exposure.

Another Goofy Market Day

January 22nd, 2008 by John Brasher

As I (and others) predicted yesterday, the market sold off today. The DOW closed at 12,099 on Friday. On a weak open today, it swiftly sold off 460 points to 11,634 and is fighting to hold on to the 12,000 level. There were a huge number of sell orders from around the globe this morning, so the market was bushwhacked.

I remain short-term bullish; short-term only. The market should recover some of the lost ground, but this will only be a bear rally. The medium- and longer-term prognosis is not good. Don’t depend on the election year to save the market. I am not counting on the market to recover today, but it may begin a short-term recovery this week.

Some thoughts for covered call positions:

A lot of covered writers are in impaired positions. However, if you write covered calls on a market rebound, you will be caught in the assignment trap - forced to be called out at a loss or repurchase the short calls as the stock rises. It is usually better in this case to simply let the stock recover. If you are short calls at a strike below your cost basis, consider closing the calls and letting the stocks recover with the market.

When a stock recovers enough, consider taking profits on covered call positions or turning them into SuperPuts by purchasing the long-term puts, where the puts are cheap, with very little time value. It is advantageous to construct the SuperPut at a higher level. By example, if a stock ranges from $100 to $110, it would cost a lot to buy the 110P when the stock is $100 - we would pay $10 in intrinsic value, plus time value. But when the stock rises to 110, this is the time to buy the 110P, which offers far more protection.

Implied volatility being about the same, it will cost about the same to buy the 110P when the stock is $110 as to buy the 100P when the stock is $100. So it makes more sense to add the long put at the higher stock price. This is why I am more inclined to establish the SuperPut at highs, at range tops.

On the other hand, puts get pretty expensive when a stock is falling. We pay too much time value then due to high implied volatility. And when the stock stabilizes, the IV evaporates, diminishing the put’s value. A big key to the SuperPut strategy is not overpaying for puts.

If the puts are expensive (more than 2% monthly), it might be better to find another stock. As the stocks fall again with the market - and they will - the long puts will make it possible to write calls on the stocks (and close and trade the calls to generate additional credits) with impunity, since the long put provides a price guarantee.

I look forward to a brief market recovery and to establishing all SuperPuts at the higher price levels. Don’t be discouraged or freaked out by the market volatility. We are about to be in a terrific position to place SuperPut trades and laugh at further market decline, because the long put will make falling stocks someone else’s problem.

Protect Yourself

January 21st, 2008 by John Brasher

Today (Martin Luther King Day) the US stock markets were closed, but the US futures market was open, as were foreign markets. The picture is fairly grim. Foreign markets are down 4% (Canada) to 7% (Paris). Stocks in Europe are now down more than 20% below 2007 highs, which meets technical definitions of a move into a bear market there. The pan-European Dow Jones Stoxx 600 index slid 5.4% on losses from Societe Generale, Allianz and other banks and insurance funds.

The global sell-off has been blamed on lukewarm reaction to President Bush’s stimulus plan announced last week, but the world’s markets have been cocked and primed for this as the credit crunch worsens and the extent of the subprime problem becomes clearer. Negative comments about subprime from a French banking official sent the Paris market down the most of all. They are now trying to erase his remarks, but the damage was done. This was Europe’s worst sell-off day since 9-11.

US futures were sharply down today, as well. Futures were down on the DJIA (520 points), S&P 500 (60 points) and Nasdaq (76 points). Whenever futures are down before the stock market opens, it usually heralds a down market day. Unless futures spike up tomorrow morning (and perhaps even if they do), there is a real likelihood of a further fall in the stock market.

For those who read the tea leaves, this is not good news. Major publications are using the “R” word pretty freely now, along with terms like “global free fall” and “global train wreck.” I don’t know if it’s as bad as all that, but it ain’t good. Things are going to get worse, much worse.

Let’s look at some charts:

The DOW closed at 12,099 on Friday, which is almost 15% below its 2007 high of 14,198 and well below August’s correction low of 12,517. We have a long way to go to reach the 20% mark off the 2007 high (11,358), which would be a technical signal we are in a bear market. The bear is, I have noted on prior occasions, snuffling his way our way. It’s only a matter of time. Is the time now? Maybe, but my money is on a snapback in the market and continuing the rolling pattern it has been in - if we don’t break sharply lower. In the chart below, note how the DOW has broken below its recent trading range, with two closes below the bottom trendline:

dow_chart_1-21-08.JPG

The sell off in recent weeks has occurred on increasing volume. The DOW is now testing the low of the Feb-March correction from 2007. Just doodling on the chart, below, I am wondering if we have not possibly seen a head-and-shoulders top to the market?

dow_chart_1-21-09v2.JPG

It looks kind of like a H&S, and the neckline falls rather classically, does it not? If the top was a head-and-shoulders formation, then the market has broken decisively below the neckline. Needless to say, a break (several closes) below the Feb-March correction low will be trouble. I think the old bull still has some legs left. At some point, traders and investors will decide that the market has sold off enough (for now) and buying will come roaring back in. The problem is, the big institutional players actually read and digest the financial news and its economic implications and are bearish. But the problem with going to cash is that so many places we would put our cash also are beset with subprime and similar problems in their asset mix. Hmmm, want to put your money in a bank? Better pick the right one…

What to do?

First, be watching the futures before the stock market open tomorrow, which MarketWatch.com usually covers. Although I rarely trade in the first 30 minutes of the day, be thinking about buying puts to cover long stock. I would consider buying ATM or near-the-money FEB puts on unprotected positions. If the market does not sell off or the sell-off is short lived, close the puts. A short-term bullish sign would be for the DOW to break higher back into (close in) the range it has been making. Even at 9-11, the market didn’t keep plunging, and it won’t this time, either. I will only buy puts tomorrow for the opportunity to profit on them if the market seems to be selling off again, because I expect the market to snap back.

Second, your future covered call writes should be SuperPut-protected. Those who wrote at higher price levels using the SuperPut strategy are not concerned with the market sell-off. Bluntly, it ain’t their problem. This is the way you should be trading. Limit your losses to a few percent of the trade debit, and soon make the trade completely riskless. This is the way to write covered calls, and you can do it all through the worst bear market. In fact, the dropping stock becomes your friend.

I’ll be giving out more information soon about my SuperPut strategy and our new SuperPut lists, so keep watching. A bear market is to be feared only by those who aren’t protecting their stocks properly.

Trade Adjustments Today - AMZN

January 4th, 2008 by John Brasher

Yesterday (1/3) I put on some trades, since I like to write on market down days. I didn’t know today would be another market sell-off day, but who did? I want to do more this year of sharing my trades and thought processes with you. I won’t always be right, any more than you, but my goal is profit, not glory. I want to discuss one trade in particular: Amazon.com (AMZN):

COVERED
CALL - John Brasher
 

Date

Sym.

Ident.

Order

Price

Debit
1/03/08 AMZN Amazon BOT
97.00
97.00
1/03/08 ZQNAT JAN
95C
STO
-4.80
92.20
Stock
falls to 90.67
 
1/03/08 ZQNAT JAN
95C
BTC
1.97
94.17
1/03/08 ZQNBR FEB
90P
STO
8.15
86.02

I’ve done well with AMZN - it has been berry, berry good to me. The more I think about etailers, though (and AMZN is the big dog in etailing), the industry is a bit overbought, with a P/E over 100. So when the stock dipped today with the market sell-off, I decided to roll the calls down and out. I bought back the JAN 95C (-1.97) and sold the FEB 90 Call (+8.15). This lowered my cost basis to $86.02 in a stock that cost $97.00. Thus if called on the FEB 90C, I make roughly $4.00 a share, or 4.3%.

FEB expiration is on 2/16, which is 42 days out. If called, my return will be 3.1% normed to a month [4.3% / 42 days x 30-day month). This means that absent further selling off I will make a return that is at least 3% per month. I’m doing several contracts, so trade costs are minimal.

Should I have rolled down? Well, AMZN has started to come back a bit, but who knows? If there is bad news, I will be happy for rolling down-and-out. If it snaps back, I will not cry about leaving money on the table. 3% a month is not bad where I come from, and I’ll take it happily.

The Dow for Now

November 4th, 2007 by John Brasher

The question on everyone’s mind: whither the market? Let’s see, the dollar’s tanking, the subprime mortage mess hasn’t even warmed up, the housing market is in trouble and it’s getting worse, the economy is cooling (that’s why the Fed cut the rate), etc., etc. None of these things fuel a bull market. I have been saying for some time, as have many others, that this bull market (now nearly 5 years old) will end when corporate earnings deteriorate, since earnings - driven by a good economy - is what starts a bull market to begin with. After all, why would anyone pay market-top prices arrived at during a strong economy once the economy cools and earnings ain’t what they used to be? Exactly! Actually, the market will tank ahead of the real earnings slide as the economy begins to cool in earnest.

But we don’t really want bull markets to end, thus they are tenacious. Does the chart tell us anything? Following is a daily chart of the DJIA. Note that in July the market went from an uptrend into a range as it corrected, the range being marked by horizontal lines - the range is actually kind of classic. But a range is often a congestion pattern, which could indicate an uptrend ahead. Have a look:

djia-daily_11-02-07.JPG

TREND
The red trend line could well indicate that the medium-term trend is continuing. Notice how it was thoroughly tested, twice in August, once in September, making higher lows. In this analysis, the market has pulled back again to test the trend line in late September and last week, the low of last week’s test being a tad higher than October’s test low - important because successive tests of an uptrend line should be higher. The Dow pulled back to the 200-MA in August, but except for that, the 200-MA has been out of the action, so it is not very reactive with the Dow.

TRIANGLE?
Note also how the trend line and the top range line indicate that an ascending triangle could be forming, which is generally a bullish sign. The Dow peeking above the range line does not necessarily invalidate the triangle, though it certainly is not a “perfect” ascending triangle. But, the Dow has made consistently higher lows, a hallmark of the AT. Note also how volume fell off as the high was reached in October, also a good sign for the AT.

NOW WHAT?
If the AT is valid, the market needs to break through the upper range line to new highs and hold them, which might not happen until 2008. Will the market continue to fight the increasing weight of negative expectations?

A breakdown below the trend line would invalidate both the trend and ascending triangle analyses. A breakdown would be a series of closes below the trend line indicating that the major uptrend is over and the market is moving into a range; or worse. If this breakdown happens, the market needs to find support at either the 200-MA or the range bottom at 13,000. Not holding the 200-MA would be bad, and a breakdown below the range bottom would be very bad news. One trip down to 12,500 was a correction; another one would be, well, disaster.

So we wait and see. The real question is whether there is enough residual bullishness to move the market higher, especially since the falling dollar isn’t exactly drawing foreign players like bees to honey.

Down-Day Writers, It’s Your Time to Shine

November 1st, 2007 by John Brasher

Quite a Wall Street day, the DOW down 362 points. Worse, it trended down all day and ended very close to the low, which does not augur well for tomorrow. I said on Tuesday of this week that the market might sell off without a 50-point cut in the FedFunds rate. I didn’t really expect a one-day sell-off of this size, but the point of the post on Tuesday was that the market is quite volatile, and ahead of a rate cut - you just never know. And truth be told, it might have sold off no matter what.

Interestingly, there are almost always stocks that are up on days like this. Microsoft was up today; not much, but up. Regarding my “Witch Hat” post from yesterday, I think MSFT is going to stick at the higher price level. If it didn’t come down today…

A lot of covered call writers like to write on these pullback down days, because you can get an artificial pop as the stock snaps back with the market. The key is that the stock is down with the market. If the stock is down on its own, or the stock (like MSFT) isn’t down with the market, then the rationale for a down-day write is not present.

This pop is quite real and we see it on larger time frames, as well. Look at just about any chart over AUG and SEPT this year. From the market bottom, stocks commonly rose with the market although volume didn’t increase for most stocks. That is, the stock pricess rose as volume fell, normally a bearish divergence. But when the market comes roaring back, divergences be damned - they just don’t mean much, because most stocks have then become lighter than air.

Which brings us back to down-day writing: when the market snaps back, good stocks will spring back with it. If you have been buying back short calls with the market’s fall, and you should be spanked if you haven’t, don’t rewrite the stocks just yet. Wait and write at a higher point. The down days are also a great point to get into a stock (some covered call gurus believe you should only write on down days), since you can either 1) write an OTM call and expect an easy assignment, or 2) leg in by purchasing the stock and writing calls at a higher stock price.

Now to the fun part: wait to buy the stock until you see the whites of the market’s eyes. Tomorrow could be another down day, so get a feel for market direction before doing anything, especially since the afternoons tend to be sell-off prone. And tomorrow being Friday, I don’t expect an up day, but it could happen. Better to wait for confirmation that the market volatility is occurring in a more heavenward direction - even this means not getting in at the “bottom.” (The bottom may be yet to come)

Did anyone buy protective puts on Wednesday? If so, I would like to hear from you - please post a comment with the gory details. The anti-gloating rule is suspended for you.

Witch Hats - Bad on Halloween (and Every Other Day)

October 31st, 2007 by John Brasher

Ah, it’s Halloween, the time of year when the “Halloween Effect” - sometimes known as the Sell-in-May-and-Go-Away Effect - is about due to begin. Stocks very frequently begin rising on November 1st or thereabouts right through the end of April or sometime in May. It is a pretty consistent phenomenon, about which I’ve written before. Will we get the Halloween Effect this year? It would be nice if Messr. Bernanke and the rest of the FOMC committee would give us a 25-basis point rate cut today, which wouldn’t hurt the Halloween Effect one little bit. But like little kids waiting for Halloween to come, we have to wait and see.

Well, since it IS Halloween, let’s look at something really scary and dangerous. It’s real and it’s out there waiting for you. It doesn’t get little kids, though, gentle reader, it is looking for yoooouuuuu… the Witch Hat.

In years of writing covered calls and doing other types of trading, and years of seeing what CallWriter members have done, one thing sticks out: the Witch Hat. It is the sudden price spike that does not hold, but comes back down as fast as it went up, making a chart pattern that looks like a Witch Hat. It whipsaws unwary covered call writers (and other traders), spraying blood on the walls. OK, enough bloody metaphors, but the following chart provides a blood-chilling example:

General Motors (GM) Halloween Chart

Unsuspecting covered call writers sometimes see a violent up-move like this and rush to get in before it’s too late, perhaps buying the stock and writing calls to get in on the move, maybe rolling the short calls up if they’ve already written the stock. [Cue scary music] But only TOO LATE do they realize… the Witch Hat has gotten them. As the GM chart above indicates, bad things often happen to those who write price spikes, like the horror-movie teenagers who slip into the dark woods to neck… we already know what’s going to happen to them, don’t we?

I could show you other examples, but you get the “point.” Make the stock prove itself by holding the higher price; make sure it wants to live in the new trading range before getting in or rolling up. How much proof you want (how many closes at the new level) is up to you, but make sure you aren’t writing, or rolling up to, a Witch Hat. Keep your blood in your veins, where it belongs. (Whoops) They are out there every day of the year.

Continuing in this spooky vein, what is Microsoft doing now?

Microsoft (MSFT) Daily Chart

Witch Hat, or new higher trading range justified by the latest earnings release? Has the mother of all like-watching-paint-dry stocks finally become a tad less boring? [Hint: The premium is lousy, so it doesn’t matter.]

Watch out for all kinds of Witch Hats today, and happy trick or treating!